Outside Magazine, March 2012
Wednesday, February 01, 2012 8

Oh, Chute

BASE stands for “buildings, antennae, spans, and earth,” and jumpers parachute from these and other fixed ­objects—an incredibly risky pursuit that has claimed at least 180 lives since 1981. The world’s deadliest sport has no governing body, but the online magazine Blinc maintains the official BASE jumping fatality list (BFL), which assigns each dead jumper a BFL number and describes the incident. Here’s how they all went down.

By:
BASE jumping
BASE jumping is considered the world's deadliest sport. Photo: Illustration by Chris Philpot

The Base Rig Deconstructed

1. Ram-air chute: An inflatable-wing design allows for superior control over the older circular models.
2. Pilot chute: Unlike rip-cord parachutes, modern rigs use a small, hand-flung pilot chute that yanks the main chute from its packing.
3. Lines: Every chute has multiple Dacron suspension lines that support the weight of the pilot. Two steering lines guide the canopy left and right and flare the chute during landings.
4. Slider: This rectangular piece of nylon acts as a spoiler, preventing the main chute from opening too quickly and causing spinal injuries.

Miles Daisher, a member of the Red Bull Airforce since 2003, explains the dangers of BASE jumping. Daisher, 42, has more jumps to his credit than anyone else—he recently passed the 3,000 mark. He teaches newcomers to jump from 486-foot Perrine Bridge, near his home in Twin Falls, Idaho.

No-Pull: 38 percent
In a surprising number of fatal BASE accidents, the jumper fails to deploy his or her chute. Sometimes it’s a new jumper who freezes up. Sometimes the container shifts in the wind and the jumper is unable to reach the pilot chute. 

Strike (Body): 30 percent
With the rise of wingsuits, more people have taken up proximity flying, in which the jumper pilots a suit along the contours of a less-than-vertical mountain. A wall or ledge strike (like the one that killed Daisher’s colleague Antoine Montant—BFL #179) is exactly what it sounds like.

Strike (Canopy): 9.5 percent
It’s difficult to recover once the canopy has collided with a cliff, guy wire, or building. In the worst cases, the jumper’s body pendulums into the object before falling from the sky. The collision itself can cause plenty of bodily harm.

Off-Heading Opening: 8 percent
The parachute deploys sideways or backward. In a full 180 opening, the chute unfurls in the opposite direction, and the jumper has to spin in his harness to match the canopy’s position. Off-heading openings represent the most dangerous scenario in BASE jumping, because they’re completely random. 

Line Twist: 8 percent
Drowning:
3 percent
Exit Slip:
3 percent
Electrocution:
0.5 percent

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