Published July 31, 2015 12:00AM

The patent. (Photo: Tim Tomkinson)
A gated aluminum fastener used with rope and other equipment to arrest rock climbers’ falls. Shortened from the German karabinerhaken (“carbine hook”), carabiners were first used by soldiers to attach equipment to their belts. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first usage of cara-biner was in the 1932 American Alpine Journal.